Usually these kinds of data are not part of the publication or up for review. I don't know why exactly, but I suppose it is a combination of: 1) paper publishing tradition, where distributing this material is too much work. 2) too much work for reviewers to comb through raw data, the real solution would be to require sharing of the raw data, so readers rather than the reviewers would find mistakes, but this is often difficult because of privacy issues. E.g. videos of the Utrecht train station study would make fraud more difficult, but publishing the videos would probably require permission from all participants 3) Trust in the authors' integrity. Most scientists would not make up data, but they might make logical errors in their reasoning, or use bad procedures. Peer review can find these errors, but if the authors lie about their procedures, it is very hard to check. Peer review is about internal consistency.